Categories: General

Examples of Biomolecules

The biomolecules are molecules that are present in all living beings. Biomolecules could be said to make up all living things regardless of size.

Each molecule (that constitutes a biomolecule) is made up of atoms. These are called elements. Each bio element can be composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorous. Each biomolecule will be composed of some of these elements. Examples of Biomolecules.

Function

The main function of biomolecules is to “be a constituent part” of all living things. On the other hand, they must form the structure of the cell. It may also be that biomolecules must perform some activity of relevant importance to the cell.

Types of biomolecules

Biomolecules can be classified into inorganic biomolecules such as water, mineral salts, and gases, while organic biomolecules are subdivided according to their combination of specific molecules and functions. Examples of Biomolecules.

There are 4 types of organic biomolecules :

Carbohydrates. The cell needs carbohydrates since they provide a great source of energy. These are made up of 3 elements: Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen. According to the combination of these molecules, carbohydrates can be: Examples of Biomolecules.

  • Monosaccharides. They have a single molecule of each. Within this group are fruits. Glucose is also a monosaccharide and is present in the blood of living beings.
  • Disaccharides. The union of two monosaccharide carbohydrates will form a disaccharide. An example of this is the sucrose found in sugar and lactose.
  • Polysaccharides. When three or more monosaccharides are bound together they will result in a polysaccharide carbohydrate biomolecule. Some of these are starch (found in potatoes or potatoes) and glycogen (found in the body of living beings, mainly in the muscles and in the liver organ).

See also: Examples of Monosaccharides, Disaccharides Polysaccharides

Lipids. They form the membranes of the cell and are reserve energy for the organism. Sometimes these can be vitamins or hormones. They are made up of fatty acids and alcohol. They turn have extensive chains of carbon and hydrogen atoms. They can only be dissolved in substances such as alcohol or ether. Therefore, it is not possible to dissolve these in water. They can be subdivided according to their specific function into 4 groups:

  • Lipids with energy function. They are in the form of fat. It is the characteristic fatty tissue that many living beings have under the skin. This lipid generates an insulating and protective layer from the cold. It is also present in the leaves of plants, preventing them from drying out easily.
  • Lipids with structural function. They are phospholipids (phosphoroue containing molecules) and form the membrane of the cells.
  • Lipids with hormonal function. These are also called “ steroids .” Examples: humans sex hormones.
  • Lipids with vitamin function. These lipids provide substances for the correct growth of living beings. Some of these are Vitamins A, D, and K.

See also: Lipid Examples

Proteins. They are biomolecules that fulfill various functions in the body. They are made up of the molecules of carbon, oxygen, hydrogen nitrogen.

These proteins have amino acids . There are 20 different types of amino acids. The combination of these amino acids will result in different proteins. However (and given the multiplicity of combinations) they can be classified into 5 large groups:

  • Structural proteins. They are part of the body of all living beings. An example of this group of proteins is keratin.
  • Hormonal proteins. They regulate some functions of the organism. An example of this group is insulin, which has the function of controlling the entry of glucose into the cell.
  • Defense proteins. They function as a defense for the organism. In other words, they are in charge of attacking and defending the body against microorganisms, bacteria or viruses. These are called antibodies. For example white blood cells.
  • Transport proteins. As the name implies, they are responsible for transporting substances or molecules through the blood. For example hemoglobin.
  • Enzymatic action proteins. They accelerate the assimilation of nutrients by the different organs of the body. An example of this is amylase, which breaks down glucose to allow its better assimilation by the body.

See also: Examples of Proteins

Nucleic acids. They are acids that must, as the main function, control the functions of the cell. But the main function is to transmit the genetic material from generation to generation.c acids:

  • DNA: deoxyribonucleic acid
  • RNA: ribonucleic acid

Examples of biomolecules

Carbohydrates

Monosaccharide carbohydrates

  1. Aldose
  2. Cetosas
  3. Deoxyribose
  4. Fruitful
  5. Galactose
  6. Glucose

Disaccharide carbohydrates

  1. Cellobiose
  2. Isomaltose
  3. Lactose or milk sugar
  4. Maltose or malt sugar
  5. Sucrose or cane sugar and beets

Polysaccharide carbohydrates

  1. Hyaluronic acid
  2. Agarose
  3. Starch
  4. Amylopectin: branched starch
  5. Amylose
  6. Cellulose
  7. Dermatan sulfate
  8. Fructosan
  9. Glycogen
  10. Paramilion
  11. Peptidoglycans
  12. Proteoglycans
  13. Queratans sulfate
  14. Chitin
  15. Xylan

Lipids

  1. Avocado (unsaturated fats)
  2. Peanut (Unsaturated fats)
  3. Pork (saturated fat)
  4. Ham (saturated fat)
  5. Milk (saturated fats)
  6. Walnuts (unsaturated fats)
  7. Olive (Unsaturated fats)
  8. Fish (polyunsaturated fats)
  9. Cheeses (saturated fats)
  10. Canola seed (Unsaturated fats)
  11. Bacon (saturated fat)

Protein

Structural proteins

  1. Collagen (fibrous connective tissue)
  2. Glycoproteins (are part of the cell membranes)
  3. Elastin (Elastic connective tissue)
  4. Keratin or keratin (epidermis)
  5. Histones (chromosomes)

Hormonal proteins

  1. Calcitonin
  2. Glucagon
  3. Growth hormone
  4. Hormonal Insulin
  5. Hormones troops

Defense proteins

  1. Immunoglobulin
  2. Thrombin and fibrinogen

Transport proteins

  1. Cytochromes
  2. Hemocyanin
  3. Hemoglobin

Enzyme action proteins

  1. Gliadin from wheat grain
  2. Lactalbumin, from milk
  3. Reserve Ovalbumin, from egg white

Nucleic acids

  1. DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
  2. RNA (ribonucleic acid) messenger
  3. Ribosomal RNA
  4. Artificial nucleic RNA
  5. Transfer RNA
  6. ATP (adenosine triphosphate)
  7. ADP (adenosine diphosphate)
  8. AMP (adenosine monophosphate)
  9. GTP (guanosine triphosphate)
Muhammad Shoaib

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Published by
Muhammad Shoaib
5 years ago

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